AI chip boom harbors hidden crash risk: The Philadelphia Semiconductor Index has plunged nearly 14% since October, with its clients also caught in a cycle reversal.

The AI boom has driven semiconductor companies to repeatedly hit record profits, but the market is starting to worry the industry may repeat its cyclical downturn. Cited data shows global semiconductor sales growth in the first half of 2026 reached its highest level since the 1980s. TSMC has broken its profit record for six consecutive quarters, while Samsung Electronics has also posted four straight quarterly profit highs. However, the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index has fallen nearly 14% since October 6, prompting investors to re-examine the sustainability of the AI supercycle. Unlike past cycles, this semiconductor expansion features higher supplier concentration and stronger corporate cash flow. TSMC’s capital expenditure this year is expected to hit around $62 billion, and could rise to $76 billion next year, with its expansion relying mainly on operating cash flow rather than large-scale borrowing. Advanced manufacturing processes and memory chip markets are concentrated among a small number of vendors, boosting suppliers’ pricing power. More notably, chipmakers are shifting some demand risks to customers via long-term contracts. NVIDIA has committed over $250 billion to secure chip supply and related components through January 2029; Micron, meanwhile, has locked in part of its business through "take-or-pay" contracts, with a committed value of $32 billion through 2030. These contracts require customers to pay as agreed even if they do not take delivery. This means even if the AI investment boom cools, chip manufacturers may still have a buffer from advance payments and long-term orders, but customers will face greater procurement and financial risks. Still, if demand plummets and capital expenditure shrinks, chip prices, corporate profits, and high-valuation stocks could still take a hit. The semiconductor industry’s cyclical pattern has not disappeared — it is just that the cost of the next downturn may be shared by both suppliers and customers.